It is difficult to imagine a modern country house without a canopy. This architectural structure serves two important functions. Firstly, it protects the building from rain and sun. Secondly, it is an excellent means of decorating the facade of a house. Hardworking and inventive owners of summer cottages have come up with a lot of ways to create an additional roof over their heads, which can be made from scrap materials and have a wide variety of shapes.
Types of canopies
The classification of canopies is extensive. Depending on the design features they are:
- inclined (double or single slope);
- straight;
- multifaceted (in the form of curved arches, domes, pyramids, polygons, arcs).
Depending on their location, canopies are divided into:
- free-standing, erected away from the main building (carports, landscape sheds);
- attached. They are erected above the entrance to the house or above the open veranda;
- built-in They are an integral part of the architectural ensemble. Most often they are built into a barbecue area or into an existing building;
- decorative. Serve as decoration for garden compositions.
If we talk about materials, canopies can be made of stone, wood, polycarbonate, or combined.
A wooden canopy is the most popular type, because it is easy to implement and does not require any special expenses for arrangement. Anyone can build such a structure if they have the desire.
DIY wooden canopy
Are you puzzling over the problem of how to build a wooden shed and don’t know where to start construction work? The first step towards realizing your cherished goal is developing a project.
Project development
Wooden shed designs are designed to analyze existing conditions. Especially if the structure will be attached to an already finished building. Information about the foundation and facade wall of the house is extremely important, as well as climatic conditions (wind load, snow thickness in winter, cardinal directions in the location chosen for construction).
In addition, it would not be amiss to think about decorative elements, types of roofing materials that are preferable in a particular case, and choose the shape and size of the canopy. The more detailed your project is, the easier it will be to put it into practice. Accurate numbers will help you correctly calculate the amount of required consumables. The easiest way is to make a wooden canopy over the porch that will be reliable and stable.
When developing a project, you should take into account the working dimensions of roofing materials. Lay the slate sheets overlapping on the ground across and along the waves. Only after receiving the exact dimensions of the clean roof can you begin.
Installation of racks
The design of a wooden canopy can be made from any wood, but pine will best cope with its responsibilities. It is beautiful, durable, light in weight and can fit seamlessly into any exterior.
The tree can be freshly cut, the main thing is that there is no bark on the beams. The recommended cross-section is no less than 75x75 mm. The part of the beam installed on the ground is treated with bitumen mastic before installation, which protects against the negative effects of moisture. The pillars are installed at a distance of a meter from each other so that the roof hangs over the front by at least 200 mm, on the sides (along the waves) - by 50-100 mm.
Using a hand drill or shovel, we prepare wells located along the same line, 500 mm deep. Do not forget to check the diagonals of the canopy - they must be the same. Using a plumb line or a building level, we install the slats. Strictly vertical. For fixation we use auxiliary bars, which can then be removed without any problems.
The free space is filled with concrete or crushed stone. The second option is more profitable. Crushed stone costs nothing, does not require complex mixing, and “holds” just fine. After installing the pillars, they must be cut in height with a bevel corresponding to the slope of the plane so that the rafters lie on the upper ends of the beam. Using a tapping cord or hydraulic level, we get a horizontal line.
The height of the racks at the bottom of the slope should not be lower than 1800 mm. However, if you are planning a rack or table in this part, then this indicator can be made smaller.
Installation of rafters
Next, the installation of a wooden canopy proceeds to a simple, but requiring extreme care, stage - installation of the rafter system. Rafters are beams with a section of 150x50 mm. This strength will be quite sufficient to cover a 6-meter span. Subject to the slope and calculated weight, of course.
The distance between the rafters is about 1 meter. One side is attached to a wall or support board, mounted in advance, and the other is placed on the racks, passing the line at the site of the planned overhang strictly perpendicularly. Wood screws or steel angles are used to connect the components of the rafter system. Fastening to a mineral base, for example, a brick wall, is carried out using corners, consoles, dowels or metal anchors.
We carry out the sheathing
The sheathing is made on top of the rafters (perpendicularly). It is better to use edged boards with a width of 160 mm and a thickness of 30 mm. The boards are distributed along the axes at a distance of 900 mm.
The boards must fit under the joints and the middle of the slate sheets (size 900x1800 mm). The last and first lines should be along the edges of the slope. Screwing must be done using self-tapping screws.
Laying slate
The wooden shed for the dacha is almost completed. You can begin laying the roof covering. The slate is screwed onto the top of the wave using galvanized self-tapping screws equipped with a countersunk head. Experts advise placing special plastic washers under the heads. An average of 11 screws are required per sheet. If there are no washers, then they can be replaced with “Ranilov self-tapping screws” or fasteners with a press washer.
Slate manufacturers often complete their products with trapezoidal or round spacers, which allow them to securely fasten the screws without disturbing the wave shape. Slate sheets are mounted from bottom to top. The rows overlap each other by 100 mm. For reliability, it is better to keep the front and side overhangs minimal (50-100 mm). If necessary, slate is cut with a regular grinder with a diamond wheel.
Important nuances of work
Wooden elements require treatment with compounds that protect against precipitation, mold, mildew and create a decorative effect that is attractive to the eye. Impregnation can be either colorless or tinted.
Now you know how to make a wooden canopy. There are only a few points that require immediate consideration. Pay due attention to the floor. A simple backfill of coarse crushed stone, plank flooring, sandstone cladding, concrete screed - the choice of how to create the “soil” is yours.
Make sure there is light and a couple of outlets under the canopy. The functionality of the finished structure will be added to the grill, hob, and barbecue. Decor variations will depend only on your preferences - you can age the wood, decorate it with climbing plants, wooden shelves, and handmade vases. Think, try and make your dream of a corner of coziness and comfort in the lap of nature come true.
Wooden canopy: photo
Wooden canopy: video
Most people have their own suburban areas or private houses within the city, and the variety of building materials and their availability make it possible to implement any ideas. It is no secret that any extension to a house gives it a unique appearance and also plays the role of an auxiliary area. adjacent to the house will become a comfortable space that will be protected from the effects of precipitation and save from the scorching sun. In such a place you can arrange a summer kitchen, a living room, a recreation area, a playroom, and even a place for a car. In some cases, a shed can be used for economic purposes to store lumber or firewood. The advantage of such a building is the simplicity of the design, which allows you to do it yourself and minimize financial investments. In addition, a profile sheet is the most suitable option, since the standard length of the slope is 3 meters, and the maximum sheet size is 6 meters. The market offers ready-made sheets of different lengths of 1.5, 2, 3, 3.5 meters, which reduces labor costs and allows you to quickly and easily attach the corrugated sheets to the sheathing of the roof structure.
What is a canopy
In terms of its design, the extension has a monotonous method of execution - these are lean-to sheds. But the execution of such a building can be different, it all depends on the purpose of the space under the roof of the house, the material and the imagination of the owner. There are several construction methods depending on the material used. Supports (drains) can be made of metal or wood. Roof sheathing is made using the same methods. The versatility of corrugated sheeting lies in the fact that there is no need to adjust the ceilings to the fastenings, because the ribs of the sheet are quite close and this is enough to secure the iron sheet. The finishing around the perimeter also varies. The canopy can be open, covered with a board with windows, polycarbonate, in the form of a terrace, etc.
What to consider before construction begins
Everything is at the will of the owner, but the type of corrugated sheet canopy adjacent to the house depends on the functionality and desire of the craftsman. Calculation in this case is one of the main requirements for determining the required amount of material and accurate assembly at the construction site. If construction involves self-installation, then this item must be approached responsibly.
Don’t forget about the fundamental part of the canopy, because no matter how lightweight lean-to canopies are in design, the additional load is the snow cover, which in winter can harm the canopy by destroying it with its weight. Also, do not forget about groundwater and the movement of the earthen part when the temperature drops, which will also affect the entire structure.
Common Canopy Designs
A canopy made of corrugated sheets adjacent to the house can be made in two ways. This concerns the difference in fastening the elements that will ultimately hold the roofing part. Don't forget about calculations and load. If you plan to make a canopy from corrugated sheeting over the entrance (porch) or to protect firewood near the house, then you can use stringers. This is a design where the emphasis is not on the ground, but on the walls of the main structure. Stringers are triangles, i.e. they work on the principle of holding
The length of the visor is no more than 1.5 meters, and this is enough for the structure of the stringers to be reliable. There is no fear of snow or wind influence here; the canopy, if you follow the rules for creating a reliable fastening, will serve its purpose for a long time. When the attached canopy must play the role of a full-fledged structure and have an overhang length of more than 2-2.5 meters, then it is necessary to place the support beams perpendicular to the ground to create a strong support. In this case, there are several construction methods and methods.
Material used and foundation structure
If you plan to make a canopy from corrugated sheets with your own hands using metal posts, then the best option would be to concrete them directly into the ground. You can purchase round or square rolled metal. Holes are made under the posts to a depth of at least 80 cm. To do this, you can use a shovel, a hand-held drill, or a gasoline-powered manual installation for drilling holes. It is advisable to reinforce the bottom with hard rock, such as crushed stone, so that the weight of the stand does not go deeper. It is enough to use metal with a diameter of 50-80 mm, and place it at a distance of no more than 1.5-2 meters. It is necessary to make a drawing of a canopy made of corrugated sheets in advance, calculate the load, design features, taking into account the cladding or the use of other decorations to give the appearance. After installation, the sheathing is assembled so that the structure is given rigidity. Afterwards, the holes are concreted and left to set.
Using lumber to build a shed
If the corrugated canopy adjacent to the house has wooden posts, then two installation options can be used. The first involves pinching, i.e. the end of a beam or log is adjusted to a metal pipe that will go into the ground. Thus, you can save on the construction of the fundamental part. It is important to consider that the pipe should stick out from the ground by at least 15 cm, which will allow the wood in contact with the ground to retain its strength longer. The second design option involves the construction of small nickels on which the racks will be installed. To do this, a layer of vegetation is cut off and a small depression is made in the area of each rack. Next, a bedding is arranged, and a small square of folded brick or monolithic fill is mounted on top. In this case, it is worth relying on the availability of material, abilities and skills. The further procedure, as with the metal version, is the same. The next steps are to attach the profile sheet to the sheathing.
Installation of the rafter system
The structural part of the sheathing can be made of metal or wood in different ways. Metal execution requires a welding machine and skills, so not everyone will go this route. But it should be borne in mind that rolled metal is more reliable than wood, which means it will retain its original characteristics longer. Do not forget that the canopy is an inherently open structure, which means that the impact of the environment is obvious. The wood will require constant treatment, and the joints will weaken over time. At the same time, you should not resort to fastening the metal parts of the sheathing with bolts and angles; in this case, the only reliable option is welding. Regardless of the material, the connection of the elements of the rafter system is the same, but has some nuances.
Metal sheathing
It is carried out by welding products together.
It is necessary to adhere to the pre-drawn drawing to prevent incorrect connections and incorrect dimensions. The lathing is a honeycomb, the cells of which are not recommended to exceed more than 50x50 cm. Mostly 20x40 mm is used, but if the overhang is long, the figures need to be increased. The main rafters are located perpendicular to the walls of the house and laid along the eaves. Short segments connect long parts to each other. Thus, rigidity is imparted to the entire structure. It would also be a good idea to treat the metal surface with an anti-corrosion coating and paint it. It is better to do this before so that it is possible to apply protection to all areas of the sheathing.
Wooden frame
This technology can be implemented in two ways. If the length of the overhang is small and is no more than 2.5 meters, then there is no need to install connecting (short) sections. It is enough to use the main guide, which is attached to the edge perpendicular to the wall of the house in the direction of the overhang. The board used is 45-50 mm wide and 80-100-20 mm high. The indicators are specified in relation to calculations of the load on the canopy, the length of the overhang and the width of the span. If the corrugated sheet canopy adjacent to the house exceeds 2.5 meters, then jumpers between the main guides will be required. Their connection can be made by using metal corners or by cutting out the seats and connecting them to each other.
The desired result with the least effort
To summarize, it can be noted that the described material is not difficult to obtain or expensive, which means that any “hands-on” owner can make a canopy for his home. It is only necessary not to neglect preliminary calculations, where a special technique can be used to establish the load. To do this, you do not need to study SNiP; it is enough to refer to specialized literature, where tables and approximate calculations have already been compiled for all regions of the country (an example is in the photo below).
If there are any doubts, then the result of the load can be multiplied by 1.5 and be completely confident in its accuracy.
In addition, the produced corrugated sheeting has a wide range of shades, which will not allow the canopy to spoil the overall appearance of the entire house, but, on the contrary, will give the owner the opportunity to give a unique look to his home. The main thing is not to neglect the general requirements for working with wooden and metal products and follow basic safety rules.
Very often, owners of private buildings attach a canopy to their house in order to take advantage of all its practical advantages, as well as to make their property look attractive. The only drawback of such an area is that it cannot be used in winter (perhaps an attached winter garden would be more suitable for you), but the rest of the time it will be pleasant to relax here, enjoy fresh air, relax with your family and receive guests.
Today we will look at options on how to properly build a canopy in the yard at minimal cost and in a short time.
Purpose and design features
Serving a variety of functions, a beautiful yard canopy can be designed in a variety of ways. The classification of such extensions is carried out taking into account the following factors.
Based on this feature, canopies are divided into:
- single- and double-slope inclined types;
- multifaceted and straight. The first include pyramids, original arcs, graceful domes, exotic arches, and polygons.
Location
This feature distinguishes between a free-standing landscape element and a canopy attached to the house in front of the entrance or representing a continuation of the terrace.
Material
Here you can highlight popular options for stone and wooden extensions. Sometimes polycarbonate or a combined technique is used for installation.
For a long time, metal tile and slate components were used for roofing, but now almost everyone prefers polycarbonate. Such demand for this material is due to its flexibility and ease of installation, resistance to mechanical stress and the vagaries of weather. When constructing a canopy near a house using polycarbonate, it is very easy to cut this material into parts of any shape. To perform such an operation, it is enough to have a stationery knife or jigsaw.
It will not be difficult to attach sheets to a wide variety of bases made of wood, plastic or metal. Polyurethane glue perfectly holds polycarbonate parts together.
So what can you use to make an original canopy for your home at the lowest cost? Let's look at the two most popular methods.
Canopy with slate on a metal frame base
If you read the instructions, building an object adjacent to the house is not as difficult as it sometimes seems. First of all, you should pay attention to the fact that we are using all the free space in front of the house. We determine the size of the territory used and the volume of necessary materials.
In our case, we will consider the option of working on an area of 6.5 square meters. m.
Tools and materials
To carry out the entire range of activities, you will need to purchase:
- Profile pipe with parameters 40x40x1.5 mm. 3 pipes 6 m long are required.
- We will prepare a pipe of 80x40x2 mm in the same quantity and the same length.
- Binding material – 2 bags of cement.
- Edged boards - 9 pieces of 6 meters each with dimensions 40x150 mm.
- Slate of eight-wave modification 1.15x1.75 m in the amount of 20 sheets.
- 50 pieces of slate nails.
- About a cubic meter of sand and crushed stone.
- 2 kg of primer for metal.
- A bayonet shovel and a rake, a brush.
A set of high-quality tools will make the process of constructing a canopy along the house pleasant and easy. To do this you will need a set of certain equipment:
- reliable welding machine;
- 1 pack of electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm;
- face shield;
- convenient hammer;
- 4 pieces of cutting discs for metal with a diameter of 125 mm and one for grinding. Disc thickness – from 1.6 to 2 mm;
- Bulgarian.
The canopy of the designated area will be simple in design due to the lack of dimensional parts.
Installation work
How to properly make a canopy for your house with your own hands and get the desired result in a short time? The solution to this problem is achieved by strictly observing the sequence of all stages of the production process:
- A beautiful canopy for a wall always begins with a simple but very important process - marking for future supporting components and checking the identity of the distances between opposite corners of the perimeter, checking the required dimensions. Taking into account the selected dimensions of the pipes, we dig holes under the supports. The dimensions of the holes are one and a half bayonet widths and 0.6-0.9 meters deep. To ensure water drainage from the roof, we calculate the slope with parameters of 10 cm per linear meter of the roof. For our option, we plan the upper racks to be 3.3 m long, and the lower ones will be 2.7 m long.
- Square flanges are welded onto the supporting elements of the canopies near the house. A support element at the bottom and a platform for welding plugs and rafter components at the top will provide protection against subsidence. In addition, plugs on the 80x40x2 pipe will prevent the appearance of internal rust. Cleaned and primed areas of welding application are coated with paint.
- Before installation, check the dimensions and fill the supporting units with cement mortar. After giving the material a day to harden, we lay 80x40 mm rafter pipes. In this case, welding requires a slight exit beyond the perimeter of the rack.
- How to further build a canopy for the house using only your own strength? First, you need to lay out the entire board and slate so that the sheet at the bottom has an outlet of roofing material within 150-200 mm, and each lower roofing element overlaps the upper one by 100-120 mm. We cut the issue of boards on the sides to the same length, approximately 5-15 cm. After this, we calculate, not forgetting the need to overlap one wave, the length of the slate row. Connecting boards using nailing and subsequent welding on the inside remains the most affordable option. You can attach the board with self-tapping screws. A hole is drilled at the connection point and a countersunk hole is made for screwing.
Construction of a canopy made of wood
This method is very popular due to the minimal cost of improvement. Let's look at how to properly make a beautiful canopy for your house.
Design stage
To avoid problems during the work, it is important to take the development stage of the canopy project with full responsibility.
It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the facade and foundation of a permanent structure. It is important to take into account such climatic factors as the wind rose, the amount of snow cover in this zone, and access to a certain part of the world. You need to clarify in advance the design of the canopy in the yard, the shape and dimensions of the structure. An extension made from this material will look perfect and be conveniently mounted above the porch.
Careful determination of the parameters of a clean roof is mandatory for easy and quick installation.
Arrangement of racks and rafters
One of the important stages in the construction of wooden canopies for a house is the choice of construction material. Any option will do, but try to use pine if possible. The wood for this type of construction is distinguished by good durability, low weight and pleasant appearance.
A cross-section of 75x75 mm or more is recommended. The material is carefully inspected to ensure that there is no bark. The part installed in the ground is covered with agents that prevent rotting. The main rule during installation is to maintain the placement parameters of about 100 cm between the pillars and arrange them in a certain order so that the roof in the side parts has 50-100 mm of protrusion, and in the front - up to 200.
Half-meter wells are prepared along a common straight line while simultaneously checking suspended diagonals. A level is used to maintain the strict verticality of the racks. For reliable fixation, auxiliary bars are used. After completion of the work, these elements can be easily removed.
During construction, the internal space of the recesses is filled with concrete mortar or crushed stone. The method of using crushed stone looks more economical.
Trimming with a bevel according to the angle of inclination of the plane is done in the upper part of the pillars. This will allow the rafters to lie tightly on the ends of the beam.
The minimum height of the racks at the bottom of the slope is 1800 mm. Below this parameter is allowed when planning in this part of the rack or table.
150x50 mm beams, called rafters, are needed for installing the system. The indicated dimensions are optimal for a span with parameters of 6 meters, if the design weight and slope of the canopy adjacent to the house are correctly calculated.
The spacing between the rafters is 1 meter. You can attach the canopy to the wall or support board with one side of the rafters, and the other rests on the posts. For fixation, self-tapping screws or steel angles are used.
Final stage
How to properly make the roof of a canopy for a house with your own hands? To do this, it is important to arrange the sheathing strictly at right angles. 900 mm between the axes of the elements is a mandatory requirement for installing 30x160 mm edged boards. It is important that it is located at the joint areas and in the center of the slate or metal tiles.
We begin laying the covering. 11 screws are required for each sheet for screwing. Special gaskets ensure reliable fixation. Rows with 100 mm overlapping each other are laid starting from the bottom of the structure. Cutting is conveniently performed with a diamond-coated wheel installed in the grinder.
Now you have a wonderful extension! Now you can take care of the beautiful design and arrangement for a pleasant stay.
A canopy is a roof located on supports. This is an uninsulated stationary structure designed to protect the local area from precipitation and rays emanating from the sun. It is often used for parking a car; in the summer, you can place a table under it and organize a seating area in the shade.
The manufacture of a canopy can be carried out according to different schemes. They differ in roof design, materials used, installation method (attached, support-cantilever).
Types of structures
The extension to the house must be functional and match the exterior of the structure. A properly planned canopy will protect not only from rain and sun rays, it will become a beautiful addition to the overall design of the building. There are several types of roof construction, it can be:
- Straight. Used to protect vehicles from precipitation. Can be installed on terraces and serve as an additional decoration for the entrance to the house;
- Sloping. They are divided into single-slope and double-slope. The planes are made at an angle to allow water to drain and snow to fall off. The slope is located on the leeward side, this reduces the possibility of the roof falling off;
- Figured. Dome, arched, hipped, compositionally complex structures are used.
Depending on the construction method, sheds are divided into free-standing, attached, and support-cantilever. According to the installation option and fastening method, they can be divided into:
- Supporting. Install vertically or at an angle to the wall on supports. They have different sizes and are built from any materials: wood, metal, stone.
- Console. Using special pendants, the structure is fixed directly to the wall. To reduce pressure on the facade of the house, lightweight materials are used to make canopies, which serve as protection for windows and doors from precipitation.
Materials used to build a canopy
When choosing building materials for the construction of load-bearing elements and floors, it is necessary to comply with certain requirements. The type of extension must correspond to the general character of the structure. The product must be durable and resistant to mechanical damage. Racks should be made of wear-resistant materials that are protected against corrosion. To reduce the load on the supports, light coatings are chosen. Such a fact as the transmission capacity of solar rays is also taken into account.
Materials for frame and supports
The frame is the main structural element; it carries the entire load, so durable materials are used in its manufacture. It consists of separate parts fastened together (beams, supports, trusses, rods). The main materials for this base are:
- Metal. The skeleton is assembled from metal, galvanized pipes and profiles. The joints are connected by welding and special rivets. The frame may have a complex shape and contain forging elements. The installation of metal structures can be done with your own hands; the work does not require much construction experience. To prevent corrosion to which metal products are susceptible, they are coated with a layer of primer and painted. Among the advantages of such bases are increased strength, reliability, long service life, and resistance to environmental influences. Disadvantages include susceptibility to oxidation due to improper processing or lack thereof.
- Tree. A wooden box is constructed from logs or timber. For sheathing, slats, lining, and boards are used. The material is easy to process, environmentally friendly and natural. Disadvantages include the poor sustainability of raw materials to the environment. It can absorb moisture or dry out, causing deformation of the wood. Wood is susceptible to rotting, is easily flammable, and serves as a breeding ground for various insects. To avoid negative effects, wood is coated with varnishes, special solutions, and painted.
- Forged supports. The most expensive type of frame is comparable in cost to stainless steel supports, which are welded using special welding - argon. The skeleton can consist entirely of forged parts; they can complement other structures. It is distinguished by its durability, special, unique appearance. The elements can be relatively light and still have good flexibility.
- Stone or brick. You can find brick frames, very rarely made of stone. This foundation is used for fundamental construction. It is durable and strong. Stone structures take a very long time to erect, however, their characteristics significantly exceed the various properties of their analogues.
You should not erect a wooden canopy over a grill or barbecue; the wood near the fire can heat up and become deformed and catch fire.
Methods for attaching a wooden frame
Canopies with a wooden skeleton can be fixed with one edge directly to the façade of the building, and the other can be placed on the load-bearing beams. Not all structures are attached to the wall; they can only stand on support pillars. Small curtain rods can be attached directly to the wall.
The first thing to do is to fix the supporting logs and beams. They can be installed in several ways: concreted, secured to a screed, concrete, or wooden base using a metal bearing.
If there is a supporting beam located vertically, markings are applied to the wall of the structure, along which the support is secured with self-tapping screws. To strengthen such a structure, it is supplemented with special triangular structures that support the floor beams.
The slats are fastened to the supporting posts using nails, screws, self-tapping screws, and galvanized metal plates. Also, special grooves are made in the racks on both sides, which are attached to the support beams. The corners are reinforced with metal bridges and corners.
Roofing materials
The construction market offers a wide variety of roofing coverings used in the construction of sheds. You can cover the roof with polycarbonate, acrylic glass, metal-plastic, and other sheet materials. Each type of cladding has its own characteristics. To do this, let’s take a look at the most popular coatings:
Metal profile
Metal profile is another name for corrugated sheet, corrugated sheet. It is a galvanized steel profiled sheet. Roofing corrugated sheeting is made more rigid so that it can withstand the loads from fallen snow, and the corrugated sheet for the roof also differs in the method of connection - the joining is done with an overlap. Metal profiles are used to cover the roofs of private houses, cottages, gazebos, terraces, garages, hangars, canopies, and are even used as a fence. When using corrugated sheeting, a durable structure is obtained that does not allow moisture and sunlight to pass through. The material is light weight and low cost. Requires a flat surface during installation. It is not recommended to walk on it, as it may cause dents. If cracks appear during installation, they should be painted over, otherwise the sheet will begin to rust. Also, the corrugated sheet has low sound insulation and thermal insulation.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate is a good option for covering verandas, swimming pools, and outbuildings. The material is durable and can be used in all climate zones. Several types of this raw material are produced, each of which has characteristic differences:
- Cell phone is the most common. It has a cellular structure of different sizes. It is covered with a special layer of film, which is glued to the front side and protects it from sunlight;
- Monolithic - rarely used, a reinforced frame is required, which significantly increases the cost of the structure as a whole;
- Profiled - made from monolithic sheets. Has increased resistance to bending.
Polycarbonate is a synthetic raw material. It is lightweight, highly durable, and resistant to precipitation. The material is transparent, comparable to glass. It is soundproof and, thanks to the presence of a special coating, does not transmit ultraviolet radiation. Disadvantages include its expansion when heated, and destruction of the structure under the influence of alkalis. During installation, certain requirements must be adhered to: the polycarbonate sheet is laid so that the protective film is on top; fastened with self-tapping screws with a mandatory distance from the edge of at least five millimeters. Due to the low weight of the product, it can be laid on a lightweight frame.
Metal tiles
Metal tiles are obtained by molding sheet metal, which is coated with protective compounds and special primers. Mostly steel is used, very rarely copper and aluminum (on request). Products differ in the type of protective-coloring coating, which consists of: glossy (PE), matte (MPE) polyester; plastisol (PVC); glossy (PUR), matte (MatPUR) pural; polydifluoride (PVF, PVDF).
The material is very durable and reliable. Unlike corrugated sheeting, it is resistant to corrosion and various mechanical damage. It insulates sound well and does not allow heat to pass through. It is easily cut with a grinder, and if you don’t have one, you can use ordinary metal scissors. Lay the sheets from the bottom edge overlapping each other.
Wooden grate
Wooden lattice - is a double frame, with a grid of slats fixed inside. It is used to create partitions and has a decorative function for gazebos, terraces, verandas, and patios. It differs in the way the slats are crossed; it can take the form of rectangular or diagonal weaving.
To create the lattice, different types of wood are used - oak, pine, birch, larch, and others. It is not used as an independent covering. To cover the canopy, it is better to use materials made of wood, such as planks, ploughshares, shingles, shingles, and spindles. However, such designs will have a fairly high price.
Marquise
An awning is a fabric canopy located above a window, balcony, or entrance to a house, used as protection from sunlight. She creates a shadow. It is a covered canopy. This covering does not require vertical supports, as it is designed for wall mounting, with the exception of pergola awnings.
Depending on their location, awnings are divided into window, balcony, terrace, and pergola. Each type is different in its design. The disadvantage of such products is their coating, because fabric of any strength and treatment fades over time. Some structures are heavy, so when placing them, the strength of the building material on which they will be attached is taken into account (foam block, a thick layer of plaster will not withstand such loads).
Fabric
Fabric. Various fabric materials are used to sew and cover canopies and awnings. It is necessary that the fabric not only provides shelter from the sun, but also protects from rain. There are several of these:
- Tarpaulin. Traditional material. It is durable, inexpensive, and resistant to moisture. However, the structures are heavy and have an unattractive appearance;
- PVC based fabric. It is light in weight and comes in many colors. The disadvantages are that it breaks easily and melts at high temperatures.
Materials for flooring under the canopy
The flooring located on the street (gazebo, veranda, attic) does not have heating. It is constantly exposed to changes in temperature. Therefore, they approach the choice responsibly. Materials must meet certain qualities, such as moisture resistance, strength, wear resistance, frost resistance. Chipboard panels and linoleum are not suitable, but there are many materials that meet the requirements. Let's look at the most common ones:
- Wooden flooring. A board made of solid logs is used. The flooring can be installed before the canopy is erected or later. The preparation of the base for the floor depends on this. Load-bearing beams can be laid directly on the ground, but if you want the structure to last for a long time, you need to make a high-quality base. It can be a cement screed, or compacted crushed stone poured onto agrofibre, which covers the soil. Having laid the sheathing on the base, nail down the lamellas;
- Terrace board. Made from solid wood or WPC (polymer-wood composite). Laying is also done on the sheathing. The board has its advantages and disadvantages, but WPC is resistant to moisture, withstands temperature fluctuations, has a long service life, and is not afraid of deformation;
- Paving slabs. Initially, a base is prepared, which consists of a layer of crushed stone, and sand is laid on top, it is filled with water and compacted. Paving slabs are laid according to the level represented by stretched ropes, adding sand in the shrinkage areas. The flooring is highly durable, not afraid of precipitation, and neutral to temperature changes. Has many shapes and colors;
- Concrete flooring. Before pouring, a crushed stone cushion is laid. If there is a need for increased strength, reinforcement is used. Curbs, boards, flat slate, and plywood are used as formwork. For beacons it is advisable to use a metal profile. After pouring the concrete mixture, it is leveled, stretching the rule along the beacons, and the concrete is allowed to dry. Natural patterns can be created on the surface.
What to consider when designing a canopy
Any construction begins with the creation of a drawing. At this stage, the scheme of the future structure, its size are considered, the load on the base and load-bearing beams is calculated, and the required number of supports is calculated. Provision is made for the slope of the coating plane and the presence of a drain. Proper planning requires compliance with certain requirements:
- The height of the canopy must be more than two meters;
- The skeleton of the structure must be made as simple as possible, without loading it with unnecessary details;
- It is necessary to measure the area occupied by the canopy;
- Take into account the thickness of the load-bearing walls, the design of the main room, the presence of wind, the amount of seasonal precipitation;
- The foundation should be selected based on the materials of the frame and coating;
- It is necessary to provide protection for individual elements from adverse effects (use of impregnations, paints, antiseptics, protective varnishes);
- You should take into account the roof material, its ability to transmit light; under it you can install a special fabric covering that can be easily rolled up;
- When calculating additional lighting, consider the functional purpose of the structure;
- Take into account the presence of façade cladding (siding, decorative plaster), and select the color of the porch or canopy covering to match it.
Choosing a location
The protective function of the canopy is very important, but its location and compatibility with the design of the structure are also important. If a dacha or country house, also located within the city, has not yet been built, then the canopy is installed separately from the structure being built. It is good to attach the structure to the facade of the house, directly against its wall.
If the size of the plot allows, then preference is given to a canopy with a larger area, under which several cars can be placed. This will perfectly solve the problem of relatives coming to visit by car, or the family having several cars. When choosing the side of the facade, the windy side and architectural differences of the house are taken into account; sometimes its design does not allow installing the structure from the front side.
According to building regulations, the distance between the canopy attached to the side wall and the end point of the site must be more than three meters.
Do-it-yourself canopy installation with a wooden frame
Such designs are found everywhere. They are used in the country, they can be attached to a private house, and even observed on the territory of factories. Many people prefer building materials such as wood. This is due to its characteristics. It's easy to work with him. Even with a huge selection of materials, wooden structures remain in trend.
It is possible to make a wooden canopy for your house with your own hands. To do this, you will need to draw up a plan, purchase building materials, have tools for work, decide on a location, and perform preparatory work.
Required tools and materials
Having finished all the calculations and having decided on the quantity, you can begin purchasing the missing building materials. When constructing hand-made structures, materials must be taken with a small margin, this will avoid unpleasant situations with incorrect calculations. To start work you will need the following building materials:
- Wooden floor beams, load-bearing supports, slats;
- Roofing coverings;
- Crushed stone, sand, wood, cement, geotextiles;
- Fasteners (angles, screws, bolts, etc.).
To carry out work you will need the following tools:
- Drill, shovel;
- Wheelbarrow, cart;
- Old bathtub, concrete mixer;
- Hammer, axe, hacksaw;
- Drill, screwdriver, grinder;
- Roulette, level.
Foundation
A canopy with a wooden frame does not require powerful support. A lightweight foundation is suitable for it. Use columnar, concrete. Usually a blind area is made around buildings. Therefore, load-bearing supports located near the wall are attached directly to it.
Professionals recommend preparing sites, but you can do without them. The creation of such foundations begins with the removal of the top layer of soil in the yard - up to thirty centimeters. The surface is treated with special solutions that prevent the remnants of the plant root system from growing, and is covered with geotextiles. A layer of sand and crushed stone is poured on top of it. They need to be filled with water and compacted well.
A columnar foundation is different from a concrete foundation. To fill it, you will need to dig a hole and drill a hole to the depth of soil freezing - up to one meter. A sewer plastic pipe is inserted into the resulting recess and leveled. A wooden beam can be concreted in a pipe, or attached to a screed after the foundation has dried. For the first case, the support is impregnated with varnishes, antiseptics, wrapped with roofing material from below, and wrapped with film.
The concrete foundation is poured into the trench. They deepen it half a meter, and dig it in width with a shovel bayonet - up to forty centimeters. The bottom should be covered with a layer of sand, crushed stone should be poured on top of it. If necessary, reinforcement is made. Concrete is poured onto the prepared base, while supporting beams are leveled. Next, the foundation stands, dries, and hardens. Only after this can you begin further installation of the wooden frame. The beams can be secured to the surface of the concrete screed using a thrust bearing.
Frame
It is mounted on a concrete foundation and a wooden base. To do this, use a thrust bearing, a corner. To create a strong structure, all elements must be attached to the base at a right angle, perpendicular. Support beams can serve as the basis for only one side of the frame, in the case where the second rests directly on the facade, or support both sides when installing load-bearing logs near the wall.
Its structure depends on the type of roof (single, gable, curved). A pitched roof is the most common, low-cost option. At the final stage, they begin to create the sheathing, which is laid on the rafters and trusses.
Roof installation
The covering is attached to the finished sheathing. The laying technology for each material is different. For example, corrugated sheets and metal tiles are fastened with self-tapping screws, slate with special nails, and for fabrics a slats and an industrial stapler are enough. When attaching the material, its edges should be moved beyond the base area. These actions will create an additional barrier from precipitation.
The roof does not require the installation of a vapor barrier layer or additional insulation. However, you can lay a layer of waterproofing. When attaching different coatings, it is enough to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Floor installation
Doing the flooring yourself will not be difficult. It all starts with a base on which the flooring material can be laid. It is advisable to combine a wooden frame with the same floor covering. Consider the option of laying wooden flooring:
- For the foundation of the deck, you can use wooden beams, the size of which is comparable to the area of the canopy. They are laid out along the edge of the support posts. To level the foundation beams, concrete blocks can be placed under them;
- Recesses are made under the concrete substrates, crushed stone is poured under them to obtain a flat plane for the base being used;
- After leveling the surface, they proceed to the stage of installing the logs, creating the sheathing on which the floor covering will be attached;
- Flooring boards can be attached to the finished structure. They are laid with a small gap.
- Since the boards are not always the same height, they are sanded;
- At the final stage, it is recommended to treat the surface with varnishes, stains or paint.
Decorative design
A practical canopy can also be beautifully decorated. Give it your own twist. There are many design options, for example:
- You can make a closed canopy by installing wooden bars on the sides;
- Cover the load-bearing supports with savage;
- Plant hanging varieties of plants and grapes around;
- Partially glaze the structure;
- Install a decorative fireplace inside;
- Decorate with forged items;
- Decorate the building with bright colors.
Conclusion
Build a foundation, erect a frame, cover the canopy with roofing material - all the steps can be done with your own hands. The presence of a huge selection of building materials offered by manufacturers allows you to create a canopy for your home, a canopy for every taste. If desired, you can install a straight or curved roof shape, use wood or corrugated pipe as load-bearing supports. Create the necessary decor.
Sometimes a farm may need a large wooden shed measuring 6 by 20. This could be a shed for parking several cars, in order to cover a production site or a storage area for building materials. Sometimes it can be simply a canopy attached to the house and stretching along the entire wall in order to simultaneously cover a passage, passage, parking area, resting place or storage area for equipment. If the canopy is attached to the house, then the most convenient roof structure with such dimensions is a lean-to roof.
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A canopy, even of this size, is not the most complex design, but it definitely requires accurate calculation to create an effective slope angle and select the best material for the roof so that it does not break in winter under the weight of snow. The supporting frame must survive any storms characteristic of the region, otherwise, if errors were made in the calculations, it may simply collapse.
Selection of building materials
To create a strong and reliable structure of this size, you will have to spend money on structural elements. You will need:
1. Support pillars with a cross-section of at least 150 by 200,
2. beams of the same section (their number depends on the length, the beams will have to be spliced),
3. rafters with a cross-section of at least 100 by 150, preferably 200 by 100, depending on the snow load of the region. The pitch between the rafters must be calculated based on the roofing material. If you plan to roof from polycarbonate, then the step needs to be taken more often, 0.7 m. When covering with corrugated sheets, the step can be increased.
The minimum slope of the slope should be at least 12 degrees, or better yet more, so that the snow can easily slide off the roof. The material for the roof should also be taken according to financial capabilities, preferably not rough, so that it does not slow down the sliding of snow.
A minimum slope is created by building walls opposite each other of different heights. For example, to create a slope of 12-13 degrees, the length of the supports should correspond to 3.7 m at the point of attachment to the house and 2.6 m at the lower point of the opposite row.
Support arrangement
When marking the area for the canopy, it is necessary to take into account that the extension from the outside of the roof should be equal to 20 cm. Based on this, along the wall to which the canopy will adjoin and opposite, the installation locations of the support pillars are marked. For example, you can take a step of 3 meters between the pillars. Concrete foundations must be poured under the support pillars. The support column can be immersed in concrete, having previously treated it with anti-rotting impregnations and wrapped in thick polyethylene. You can use embedded parts - anchors. Anchors can also be dismantled and sunk directly into concrete. To create a concrete foundation, a hole 90 cm deep is enough.
The supports are screwed to the anchors with anchors. First, a row is installed near the wall of the house. Then the second outer row of supports is installed. The supports must be installed strictly opposite each other, strictly vertically and aligned to the required height, taking into account the planned slope. That is, the supports near the wall should be higher than the outside ones.
Frame structure
Supporting horizontal beams are attached to the support pillars. You also need to start work from a row from the wall.
The beams are laid on support pillars and spliced together with metal plates. After the horizontal level has been checked, the beams are fastened with self-tapping screws to the support pillars and with the help of fasteners to the wall of the house.
To create a more durable structure, the beams on the opposite side are additionally reinforced with spacers in both directions at an angle of 45 degrees from each support column. The spacers are also attached with self-tapping screws.
The crossbars can be mounted using self-tapping screws, or using metal mounting angles. Beams from the edges are installed first, then in the center, then the rest.
The offset should be at least 20 cm. Lastly, the end board is placed on the ends of the boards.
For greater strength, you can strengthen the outer beams with rafter legs. To do this, a beam is attached to the supporting pillars on the side of the wall at the level of the end of the pillars on the opposite side at an angle of 45 degrees, which will hold the rafters and roof in the winter, when there is excess snow weight.
